1. Sipuleucel-T
Sipuleucel-T is a type of immunotherapy that uses a patient’s own immune cells to fight prostate cancer. It is made from a patient’s white blood cells, which are collected through a process called leukapheresis. The white blood cells are then activated in the laboratory and mixed with a protein called prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP). PAP is a protein that is found on the surface of prostate cancer cells. The activated white blood cells are then injected back into the patient’s body, where they can recognize and attack the prostate cancer cells.
Sipuleucel-T is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat men with metastatic, asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer. It is given as a series of three infusions, two weeks apart. The most common side effects of sipuleucel-T are chills, fever, fatigue, nausea, and headache. These side effects are usually mild to moderate and go away within a few days.
Sipuleucel-T is a promising new treatment for prostate cancer. It is the first immunotherapy to be approved by the FDA for the treatment of prostate cancer, and it has shown to be effective in improving survival rates. Sipuleucel-T is still under investigation, but it is hoped that it will become a standard treatment for prostate cancer in the future.
2. Pembrolizumab
Pembrolizumab is a type of immunotherapy that uses a drug to block the PD-1 protein on immune cells. This allows the immune cells to more effectively fight cancer cells. PD-1 is a protein that is found on the surface of T cells, which are a type of white blood cell that plays a role in the immune system. When PD-1 binds to its ligand, PD-L1, it can prevent the T cell from killing cancer cells. Pembrolizumab blocks the interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1, allowing the T cells to more effectively kill cancer cells.
Pembrolizumab is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat a variety of types of cancer, including melanoma, lung cancer, and bladder cancer. It is given as an intravenous infusion every three weeks. The most common side effects of pembrolizumab are fatigue, nausea, and diarrhea. These side effects are usually mild to moderate and go away within a few days.
Pembrolizumab is a promising new treatment for cancer. It is the first immunotherapy to be approved by the FDA for the treatment of multiple types of cancer, and it has shown to be effective in improving survival rates. Pembrolizumab is still under investigation, but it is hoped that it will become a standard treatment for cancer in the future.
3. Nivolumab
Nivolumab is a type of immunotherapy that uses a drug to block the PD-L1 protein on immune cells. This allows the immune cells to more effectively fight cancer cells. PD-L1 is a protein that is found on the surface of cancer cells and immune cells. When PD-L1 binds to its ligand, PD-1, it can prevent the immune cell from killing the cancer cell. Nivolumab blocks the interaction between PD-L1 and PD-1, allowing the immune cells to more effectively kill cancer cells.
Nivolumab is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat a variety of types of cancer, including melanoma, lung cancer, and kidney cancer. It is given as an intravenous infusion every two to four weeks. The most common side effects of nivolumab are fatigue, nausea, and diarrhea. These side effects are usually mild to moderate and go away within a few days.
Nivolumab is a promising new treatment for cancer. It is the first immunotherapy to be approved by the FDA for the treatment of multiple types of cancer, and it has shown to be effective in improving survival rates. Nivolumab is still under investigation, but it is hoped that it will become a standard treatment for cancer in the future.
